Dhaka’s Air Pollution: The Unknown Dangers of Respirable Crystalline Silica (RCS)
Dhaka, Bangladesh – Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh, has long been at risk of health due to air pollution. The presence of harmful ‘respirable silica’ (RS) dust particles in Dhaka’s air has risen significantly. A study led by Professor Abdus SalaA study by Professor Abdus Salam from Dhaka University’s Chemistry Department found respirable crystalline silica (RCS) in the air, which raises the risk of respiratory diseases, kidney issues, and cancer. World Health Organization, RS are tiny particles that are 10 micrometers or less in size. These particles can easily enter the body with breathing and reach deep into the lungs, causing various respiratory diseases.
From November 2023 to April 2024, a study led by Professor Abdus Salam from Dhaka University’s Department of Chemistry was conducted. The study measured the presence of RS at different locations in Dhaka. The study showed that RCS levels in Dhaka, particularly at TSC (Teacher-Student Center at Dhaka University) and Meradia Market, exceed healthy limits. The main sources of these tiny particles have been identified as construction work, brick kilns and waste incineration.
Dr. Ayesha Akhter, Deputy Director of Shyamli TB Hospital, warned that RS can lead to silicosis, lung cancer, and other respiratory diseases if inhaled. It can lead to serious health issues like kidney disease and reduced lung function. The study showed that the risk of non-cancerous diseases in TSC areas ranged from 2.37 to 2.48, while cancer risk was between 2.70 and 2.83, raising public health concerns in Meradia areas. Dhaka’s Air Quality Index (AQI) often remains above 150, which is much higher than the WHO’s recommended healthy limit. This is posing a long-term health risk to the city’s residents.
Research participant Md. Nazmul Islam said, “Construction work, vehicle exhaust, waste burning and other man-made activities are increasing RS levels in Dhaka.” Experts warn that uncontrolled activities will raise RS levels, posing a serious public health risk.
Experts have suggested that effective steps should be taken to control the presence of RS in Dhaka. These steps include controlling dust in construction work, reducing vehicle exhaust, stopping waste burning and improving the transportation system. In addition, increasing public awareness and using environmentally friendly technologies are also important. Experts have recommended taking the following steps:
