The Mangroves Forest Sundarbans are the lands of Natural beauty
Whenever we read something related to Sundarbans, the word, Mangrove comes across our mind. Some of us imagine the area as Mangrove. Some of us imagine the spine-like objects formed on mud as Mangrove. However, what does the Mangrove mean?
Generally, Mangrove can define as a vast wetland that inundates by tides. Therefore, mangrove forest is a plain land constitutes with tidal saline. The Ecosystem of the Mangrove is a combination of tropical and subtropical inter-tidal habitats between latitude.
This inter-tidal wetland’s ecosystem depends on various parameters such as water flow, silt, nutrients, organic matters, and animals. All these parameters are dependent on each other as well.
Since Mangrove is an inter-tidal habitat, it has substantial interaction with the marine, coastal, upstream and terrestrial environment. In addition, the dynamic interrelation of different ecosystems makes mangroves a suitable habitat for flora and fauna from different levels, including but not limited to marine and freshwater.
The biodiversity of Mangrove generally refers to an ecosystem consisting of large trees, animals, and various types of known/ unknown micro-organisms and insects. Under the mangrove management, the significance of the mangrove biodiversity is that numerous species benefit from the resources of this forest at one point in their lifetime.
The vast configuration of lands, weather/climate patterns, water, and soil types are the reasons behind the unique diversified ecosystem we see in Mangrove. Over the years, a close and balanced cultural co-existence is going on between human and mangrove forests.
The mangrove ecosystem is continuously changing/evolving, closely changing the forest structure, production, and activities. People benefit from the diversity of mangroves directly and indirectly in terms of economic, materialistic, and social norms.
However, the mangrove ecosystem undergoes devaluation in various ways. Resources with physical value consider valuable, in reality, which is merely a fragment compared to all the services provided by the Mangrove.
Mangrove forests are typical in the tropical and sub-tropical coastal areas under the equatorial region of the world. Generally, Mangrove forests find along 300 north and 300 south latitudes, which expose the limitation of mangrove forests due to temperature variation. Although mangroves may survive in a low temperature up to 1000 C, they may become extinct under severe cold. Mangrove plants are vulnerable to snow and cold weather.
The most suitable areas for growing mangroves are the tropical region, such as the coastal areas of the Ganges, the Mekong, and the delta nearby the Amazon coast. Although Mangroves find in 102 countries of the world, only ten countries have mangrove forests where the land area is more than 5000 sq. km.
Among all the mangrove forest worldwide, Indonesia, Brazil, Australia, and Niger accounts for 43% of the total. Mangrove forest occupies 25% to 60% of the total land in each country. The Sundarbans, the Mangrove forest in Bangladesh and India, consider the biggest Mangrove forest in the world.
